In July 2001, race riots broke out in Manningham, part of the northern English city of Bradford, where seven out of ten people come from Bangladesh, India, or Pakistan.

Even today, white shoppers are staying away from Asian businesses there, creating a deepening sense of racial tension that, in turn, could lead to long-term conflict.

According to Britain’s Eastern Eye newspaper, long established traders in the area are saying that, despite efforts to build relationships between communities, residents from different ethnic backgrounds remain segregated.

As textile shop owner Basharat Shaheen told the paper: “The riots have had a massive effect in this part of the city. You no longer see white people coming into our shops and buying our goods. Fortunately, most of our customers are Asian, but like any business, we want trade from any source and it is not good that many people are staying away. We need them to come back, but that is hard when they are fearful of possible violence against them”.

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